Alliance modernization is a challenge for the Indo-Pacific as well as for Europe, where allies confront similar questions about U.S. commitment and burden-sharing. One element of moving beyond the traditional “hub-and-spokes” model is strengthening the linkages among the spokes themselves. Greater interaction between U.S. allies across regions can facilitate learning from each other’s experiences in managing American transactionalism and adapting to shifting U.S. priorities. This session will examine how cooperation among allies in Asia and Europe can form a crucial component of alliance modernization, ensuring resilience and cohesion in a rapidly changing security environment.