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In the Aftermath of Iran’s 2026
Anti-Regime Protests:
The Future of the Islamic Republic
and U.S. Strategic Calculations

Jang Ji-Hyang, Lee Taehee

6722026.02.26

  • 프린트 아이콘
  • 페이지 링크 복사 아이콘
  • 즐겨찾기 추가 아이콘
  • 페이스북 아이콘
  • 엑스 아이콘

In late December 2025, protests sparked by Iran’s currency collapse and soaring living costs erupted in Tehran’s traditional bazaar and rapidly spread nationwide. What began as localized economic grievances quickly evolved into a broad-based anti-regime movement encompassing all 31 provinces and major urban centers. Demonstrators moved beyond demands for policy adjustment, openly rejecting the Islamic Republic and calling for the removal of Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei. In both scale and political intent, the unrest constituted the most serious internal challenge to the regime since its establishment in 1979.

 

The social composition of the protests underscored the depth of the crisis. Bazaar merchants—long regarded as a cornerstone of the Islamic Republic’s socio-political order—played a catalytic role, facilitating rapid mobilization through dense informal networks. Their participation was soon followed by students, women, middle-class professionals, industrial workers, and low-income urban groups. This rare convergence of diverse social strata around the demand for regime change, rather than reform, distinguished the movement from previous episodes of unrest. The appearance of slogans praising the former monarchy, reinforced by public statements from exiled Reza Pahlavi, signaled a symbolic rupture with the Islamic Republic’s ideological foundations.


This article is an English Summary of Asan Issue Brief (2026-08).

('2026 이란 ()체제 시위 이후 이슬람 공화국의 향방과 미국의 계산’)



Jang Ji-Hyang

Principal Fellow, Director

Dr. JANG Ji-Hyang is a Principal Fellow and director of the Center for Regional Studies at the Asan Institute for Policy Studies. Dr. Jang served as a policy advisor on Middle East issues to South Korea’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs (2012-2018) and currently serves to Ministries of Industry, Justice, and Defense. Her research interests include political economy of the Middle East and North Africa, political Islam, comparative democratization, terrorism, and state-building. Dr. Jang is the author of numerous books and articles, including The Essential Guide to the Middle East (Sigongsa 2023 in Korean), The Arab Spring: Will It Lead to Democratic Transitions?(with Clement M. Henry (eds.), Palgrave Macmillan 2013), “Disaggregated ISIS and the New Normal of Terrorism” (Asan Issue Brief 2016), “Islamic Fundamentalism” (International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences 2008) and a Korean translation of Fawaz Gerges’ Journey of the Jihadist: Inside Muslim Militancy (Asan Institute 2011). Dr. Jang received a B.A. in Turkish studies and M.A. in political science from the Hankuk University of Foreign Studies and her Ph.D. in political science from the University of Texas at Austin.

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Lee Taehee

Research Associate

Ms. Lee Taehee is a research associate at the Asan Institute for Policy Studies. She received her B.A. in Arabic and International Studies from Hankuk University of Foreign Studies and earned her M.A. in International Security and Conflict Resolution from the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University. Her research interests include authoritarian regimes, peacebuilding, and development cooperation in fragile and conflict-affected states.

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